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  2. Oligosaccharide nomenclature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligosaccharide_nomenclature

    An oligosaccharide has both a reducing and a non-reducing end. The reducing end of an oligosaccharide is the monosaccharide residue with hemiacetal functionality, thereby capable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent, while the non-reducing end is the monosaccharide residue in acetal form, thus incapable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent. [2]

  3. Cellulose 1,4-β-cellobiosidase (non-reducing end) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose_1,4-β...

    CBH1 from yeast, for example, is composed of a carbohydrate binding site, a linker region and a catalytic domain. [6] Once the cellulose chain is bound, it is strung through a tunnel-shaped active site where the cellulose is broken down into two-sugar segments called cellobiose. [6] [7] The structure of the enzyme can be seen in the first ...

  4. Armed and disarmed saccharides - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_and_disarmed_saccharides

    In these methods, multiple sugars are added to the reaction mixture. One of the sugars is armed as the glycosyl donor, and reacts quickly with a glycosyl acceptor. The non-reducing sugar then acts as a glycosyl acceptor as a protecting group that is easily lost in solution reveals a free hydroxyl group.

  5. Glycogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenesis

    Once a chain of seven glucose monomers is formed, glycogen synthase binds to the growing glycogen chain and adds UDP-glucose to the 4-hydroxyl group of the glucosyl residue on the non-reducing end of the glycogen chain, forming more α(1→4) bonds in the process.

  6. α-Glucosidase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Α-Glucosidase

    α-Glucosidase hydrolyzes terminal non-reducing (1→4)-linked α-glucose residues to release a single α-glucose molecule. [ 10 ] α-Glucosidase is a carbohydrate-hydrolase that releases α-glucose as opposed to β-glucose. β-Glucose residues can be released by glucoamylase, a functionally similar enzyme.

  7. β-Amylase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Β-Amylase

    Working from the non-reducing end, β-amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the second α-1,4 glycosidic bond, cleaving off two glucose units at a time. During the ripening of fruit , β-amylase breaks starch into maltose, resulting in the sweet flavor of ripe fruit.

  8. α-Galactosidase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Α-Galactosidase

    Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing α-D-galactose residues in α-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactolipids. It catalyzes many catabolic processes, including cleavage of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and polysaccharides. The enzyme is encoded by the GLA gene. [2]

  9. Blood sugar regulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_sugar_regulation

    The cells release the glucose into the bloodstream, increasing blood sugar levels. Hypoglycemia, the state of having low blood sugar, is treated by restoring the blood glucose level to normal by the ingestion or administration of dextrose or carbohydrate foods. It is often self-diagnosed and self-medicated orally by the ingestion of balanced meals.