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A further assumption is that a low levels of serotonin can causes spasms in the cervical area. [1] A plausible explanation for the cricopharyngeal spasms is a lack of neurotransmitter preventing the central nervous system from detecting that the eosophagus is closed, so that the upper esophagus sphincter becomes, randomly, hypertonic.
DES can be caused by many factors that affect muscular or neural functions, including acid reflux, stress, hot or cold food, or carbonated drinks. Patients present with intermittent dysphagia, chest pain, or heartburn. Rare causes of esophageal dysphagia not mentioned above. Diverticulum; Aberrant subclavian artery, or (dysphagia lusoria)
Esophageal spasm is a disorder of motility of the esophagus. [2] There are two types of esophageal spasm: [2] Diffuse or distal esophageal spasm (DES), where there is uncoordinated esophageal contractions; Nutcracker esophagus (NE) also known as hypertensive peristalsis, where the contractions are coordinated but with an excessive amplitude.
Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), also known as distal esophageal spasm, is a condition characterized by uncoordinated contractions of the esophagus, which may cause difficulty swallowing or regurgitation. In some cases, it may cause symptoms such as chest pain, similar to heart disease. In many cases, the cause of DES remains unknown.
Esophageal motility study is useful in cases of esophageal achalasia and diffuse esophageal spasms. Exfoliative cytology can be performed on esophageal lavage obtained by esophagoscopy. It can detect malignant cells in early stage. Ultrasonography and CT scan are not very useful in finding causes of dysphagia, but can detect masses in ...
Hyoscine butylbromide, also known as scopolamine butylbromide [4] and sold under the brandname Buscopan among others, [5] is an anticholinergic medication used to treat abdominal pain, esophageal spasms, bladder spasms, biliary colic, [6] and renal colic. [7] [8] It is also used to improve excessive respiratory secretions at the end of life. [9]
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