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Drainage gradient (DG) is a term in road design, defined as the combined slope due to road surface cross slope (CS) and longitudinal slope (hilliness). Although the term may not be used, the concept is also used in roof design and landscape architecture. If the drainage gradient is too low, rain and melt water drainage will be insufficient.
Section through railway track and foundation showing the sub-grade. Grading in civil engineering and landscape architectural construction is the work of ensuring a level base, or one with a specified slope, [1] for a construction work such as a foundation, the base course for a road or a railway, or landscape and garden improvements, or surface drainage.
If one looks at red numbers on the chart specifying grade, one can see the quirkiness of using the grade to specify slope; the numbers go from 0 for flat, to 100% at 45 degrees, to infinity as it approaches vertical. Slope may still be expressed when the horizontal run is not known: the rise can be divided by the hypotenuse (the slope length).
Cross section of a road. 1. Gutter; 2. Shoulder; 3. Sub-base; 4. Base course; 5. Asphalt. Cross slope, cross fall or camber is a geometric feature of pavement surfaces: the transverse slope with respect to the horizon.
In modern mapping, a topographic map or topographic sheet is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief features, usually using contour lines (connecting points of equal elevation), but historically using a variety of methods.
A valley floor divide is a low drainage divide that runs across a valley, sometimes created by deposition or stream capture. Major divides separating rivers that drain to different seas or oceans are continental divides. The term height of land is used in Canada and the United States to refer to a drainage divide. [2]
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Display of roof pitches 1:12 through 18:12 A roof made of thatch, one of the oldest roofing materials, needs a steep pitch to drain properly Some types of stone roof have a very restrictive roof pitch, which can lead to leaking Working on roofs with pitches too steep for safety requires a staging of scaffolding boards secured with roof brackets A pitch gauge measuring the slope of an asphalt ...