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The Mach number (M or Ma), often only Mach, (/ m ɑː k /; German:) is a dimensionless quantity in fluid dynamics representing the ratio of flow velocity past a boundary to the local speed of sound. [1] [2] It is named after the Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. =, where: M is the local Mach number,
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
The Alfvén Mach number (also known as the Alfvén number, Alfvénic Mach number, and magnetic Mach number; M A or M M) is a dimensionless quantity representing the ratio of the relative velocity of a fluid to the local Alfvén speed. It is used in plasma physics, where it is analogous to the Mach number but based on Alfvén waves rather than ...
A Machmeter is an aircraft pitot-static system flight instrument that shows the ratio of the true airspeed to the speed of sound, a dimensionless quantity called Mach number. This is shown on a Machmeter as a decimal fraction. An aircraft flying at the speed of sound is flying at a Mach number of one, expressed as Mach 1.
The subsonic speed range is that range of speeds within which, all of the airflow over an aircraft is less than Mach 1. The critical Mach number (Mcrit) is lowest free stream Mach number at which airflow over any part of the aircraft first reaches Mach 1. So the subsonic speed range includes all speeds that are less than Mcrit.
The upstream Mach number, , begins at 1 and ends at 5. Although the tables could be extended over any range of Mach numbers, stopping at Mach 5 is typical since assuming to be 1.4 over the entire Mach number range leads to errors over 10% beyond Mach 5.
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The dashed lines show the limiting value as Mach number tends to infinity. In aerodynamics , the Prandtl–Meyer function describes the angle through which a flow turns isentropically from sonic velocity (M=1) to a Mach (M) number greater than 1 .