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  2. Atrial septal defect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_septal_defect

    Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart.Some flow is a normal condition both pre-birth and immediately post-birth via the foramen ovale; however, when this does not naturally close after birth it is referred to as a patent (open) foramen ovale (PFO).

  3. Split S2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_S2

    If splitting does not vary with inspiration, it is termed a "fixed split S 2" and is usually due to a septal defect, [5] such as an atrial septal defect (ASD). The ASD creates a left to right shunt that increases the blood flow to the right side of the heart, thereby causing the pulmonary valve to close later than the aortic valve independent ...

  4. Primary interatrial foramen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_interatrial_foramen

    Failure of the septum primum to fuse with the endocardial cushion can lead to an ostium primum atrial septal defect. [1] This is the second most common type of atrial septal defect [2] and is commonly seen in Down syndrome. Typically, this defect will cause a shunt to occur from the left atrium to the right atrium.

  5. Interatrial septum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interatrial_septum

    An Atrial septal defect is a relatively common heart malformation that occurs when the interatrial septum fails to develop properly. Persistence of the ostium secundum is the most common atrial septal defect. [3] Additionally, in a subset of the population, the foramen ovale is not overtly patent but the two septa have not fused.

  6. Septum primum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septum_primum

    This is the second most common type of atrial septal defect [2] and is commonly seen in Down syndrome. Typically this defect will cause a shunt to occur from the left atrium to the right atrium. Children born with this defect may be asymptomatic, however, over time pulmonary hypertension and the resulting hypertrophy of the right side of the ...

  7. Wikipedia : Osmosis/Atrial septal defect

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Atrial_septal_defect

    An atrial septal defect is a congenital heart defect where the septum between the right and left atrium doesn’t close up all the way and remains open after birth. This causes oxygenated blood to go into pulmonary circulation. One complication from this condition is a paradoxical embolus which crosses from the right to the left side via the ASD.

  8. Ostium primum atrial septal defect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostium_primum_atrial...

    The ostium primum atrial septal defect is a defect in the atrial septum at the level of the tricuspid and mitral valves. This is sometimes known as an endocardial cushion defect because it often involves the endocardial cushion, which is the portion of the heart where the atrial septum meets the ventricular septum and the mitral valve meets the tricuspid valve.

  9. Lutembacher's syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutembacher's_syndrome

    It is commonly known as both congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) and acquired mitral stenosis (MS). [2] Congenital (at birth) atrial septal defect refers to a hole being in the septum or wall that separates the two atria; this condition is usually seen in fetuses and infants. [3]

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