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The Jacobite rising of 1689 was a conflict fought primarily in the Scottish Highlands, whose objective was to put James VII back on the throne, following his deposition by the November 1688 Glorious Revolution. Named after "Jacobus", the Latin for James, his supporters were known as 'Jacobites' and the associated political movement as Jacobitism.
Jacobitism [c] was a political ideology advocating the restoration of the Catholic House of Stuart to the British throne.When James II of England chose exile after the November 1688 Glorious Revolution, the Parliament of England ruled he had "abandoned" the English throne, which was given to his Protestant daughter Mary II of England, and her husband William III. [1]
The convention proceeded to offer the crown on the basis of these documents to William and Mary, who accepted it on 11 May 1689, and were proclaimed King and Queen of the Scots as William II and Mary II, though with subsequent controversy over whether the Claim of Right articles against Episcopacy were fully accepted by the new monarchy. [3]
27 August – a Williamite force sailing from England takes the Jacobite port of Carrickfergus in County Antrim. 16 December – the Bill of Rights ( An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown ), drawn up by the Convention Parliament, receives royal assent ; it will remain substantially in ...
From 1689 to the middle of the eighteenth century, restoration of the Jacobite succession to the throne was a major political issue in Britain, with adherents both at home and abroad. However, with Charles Edward's disastrous defeat at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, the Jacobite succession lost both its support and its political importance.
18 March – King's Own Scottish Borderers is raised to defend Edinburgh against Jacobite forces; 4 April – Convention of Estates votes to remove James VII from office for forfeiture; going on to adopt the Claim of Right Act 1689; 20 April – Robert Lundy secretly flees Derry for Scotland. [1]
On 13 February 1689, it was read out to James' daughter, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange, when they were jointly offered the throne, although not made a condition of acceptance. [1] The Declaration itself was a tactical compromise between Whigs and Tories; it put forth a set of grievances, without agreeing to their cause or solution. [2]
William's victory at the Battle of Boyne in July 1690 was less decisive than appeared at the time, Jacobite losses being around 2,000 out of a force of 25,000. [2] That assumption formed the basis of the Declaration of Finglas, largely dictated by Irish Protestants; it offered the Jacobite rank and file amnesty, but by excluding senior officers, threatened another round of land confiscations.