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Branch point in a polymer. Polymer architecture in polymer science relates to the way branching leads to a deviation from a strictly linear polymer chain. [1] Branching may occur randomly or reactions may be designed so that specific architectures are targeted. [1] It is an important microstructural feature.
In polymer chemistry, branching is the regular or irregular attachment of side chains to a polymer's backbone chain. It occurs by the replacement of a substituent (e.g. a hydrogen atom ) on a monomer subunit by another covalently-bonded chain of that polymer; or, in the case of a graft copolymer , by a chain of another type.
Branch point in a polymer. An important microstructural feature of a polymer is its architecture and shape, which relates to the way branch points lead to a deviation from a simple linear chain. [25] A branched polymer molecule is composed of a main chain with one or more substituent side chains or branches.
A monomer with functionality of 3 or more will introduce branching in a polymer and will ultimately form a cross-linked macrostructure or network even at low fractional conversion. The point at which a tree-like topology transits to a network is known as the gel point because it is signalled by an abrupt change in viscosity .
An example of chain transfer in styrene polymerization. Here X = Cl and Y = CCl 3. In some chain-growth polymerizations there is also a chain transfer step, in which the growing polymer chain RM n ° takes an atom X from an inactive molecule XY, terminating the growth of the polymer chain: RM n ° + XY → RM n X + Y°.
Polymers grow off the initiators that are in turn bound to the clay. Due to recombination and disproportionation reactions, growing polymer chains bind to one another, forming a strong, cross-linked network polymer, with clay particles acting as branching points for multiple polymer chain segments. [35]
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Graft copolymers are a branched copolymer where the components of the side chain are structurally different than that of the main chain. Graft copolymers containing a larger quantity of side chains are capable of wormlike conformation, compact molecular dimension, and notable chain end effects due to their confined and tight fit structures. [1]