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Allergen immunotherapy, also known as desensitization or hypo-sensitization, is a medical treatment for environmental allergies (such as insect bites) and asthma. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergens in an attempt to change the immune system's response.
Allergen immunotherapy is an alternative treatment considered in some patients, with a success rate of 80%-90% in reducing symptoms, [3] but requiring a much longer duration of therapy. The choice of medications depends on the disease to be treated, its severity and patient factors.
Allergen immunotherapy treatment involves administering doses of allergens to accustom the body to induce specific long-term tolerance. [45] Allergy immunotherapy can be administered orally (as sublingual tablets or sublingual drops), or by injections under the skin (subcutaneous).
Anti-allergy immunotherapy. Allergen immunotherapy is useful for environmental allergies, allergies to insect bites, and asthma. [6] [131] Its benefit for food allergies is unclear and thus not recommended. [6] Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergen in an effort to change the immune system's response. [6]
Desensitization approaches for food allergies are generally at the research stage. They include: [2] oral immunotherapy, which involves building up tolerance by eating a small amount of (usually baked) food; sublingual immunotherapy, which involves placing a small drop of milk or egg white under the tongue;
Allergen immunotherapy is the only treatment that alters the disease mechanism. [59] Immunotherapy can be administered orally (as sublingual tablets or sublingual drops), or by injections under the skin (subcutaneous). Subcutaneous immunotherapy is the most common form and has the largest body of evidence supporting its effectiveness. [60]
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Immunotherapy can also be used to treat allergies. While allergy treatments (such as antihistamines or corticosteroids) treat allergic symptoms, immunotherapy can reduce sensitivity to allergens, lessening its severity. Allergen immunotherapy can also be referred to as allergen desensitization or hypo-sensitization. [71]
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