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The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) is a nonprofit institute based in Carlsbad, California. It is dedicated to research and education in the field of gemology and the jewelry arts. [1] Founded in 1931, GIA's mission is to protect buyers and sellers of gemstones by setting and maintaining the standards used to evaluate gemstone quality.
The AGL was established in 1981 for the purpose of standardization of diamond grading based on the method used at the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) and on the nomenclature of color in diamonds as used by the association of Gemological Laboratories in Japan (AGL).
Diamond certified FL (flawless) by the GIA Two diamonds of grade VS 1 and SI 2 respectively. The GIA diamond grading scale is divided into six categories and eleven grades. [2] The clarity categories and grades are: [3] Flawless category (FL) diamonds have no inclusions or blemishes visible under 10× magnification. [3]
The American Gem Society (AGS) is a trade association of retail jewelers, independent appraisers, suppliers, and selective industry members, which was founded in 1934 by Robert M. Shipley. The Society is based in Las Vegas, Nevada , along with the affiliated American Gem Society Laboratories (AGSL) (founded in 1996) and the American Gem Society ...
Total carat weight (t.c.w.) is a phrase used to describe the total mass of diamonds or other gemstone in a piece of jewelry, when more than one gemstone is used. Diamond solitaire earrings, for example, are usually quoted in t.c.w. when placed for sale, indicating the mass of the diamonds in both earrings and not each individual diamond.
The GIA began grading cut on every grading report for round brilliant beginning in 2006 [26] based on their comprehensive study of 20,000 proportions with 70,000 observations of 2,000 diamonds. [citation needed] The single descriptive words are as follows: Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, and Poor. [25]
The list goes on. Housing assistance, for many people the difference between losing a job and losing everything, has been slashed into oblivion. (To pick just one example, in 2014 Baltimore had 75,000 applicants for 1,500 rental vouchers.) Food stamps, the closest thing to universal benefits we have left, provide, on average, $1.40 per meal.
Obtaining a certificate is voluntary in some fields, but in others, certification from a government-accredited agency may be legally required to perform certain jobs or tasks. Organizations in the United States involved in setting standards for certification include the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Institute for ...