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  2. River bank failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_bank_failure

    Hydraulic toe erosion occurs when flow is in the direction of a bank at the bend of the river and the highest velocity is at the outer edge and in the center depth of the water. [5] Centrifugal forces raise the water elevation so that it is highest on the outside bend, and as gravity pulls the water downward, a rolling, helical spiral happens ...

  3. Coastal erosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_erosion

    Coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of sediment and rocks along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water, waterborne ice, or other impacts of storms.

  4. Bank erosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_erosion

    There are two primary mechanisms of stream bank erosion: fluvial erosion and mass failure. Fluvial erosion is the direct removal of soil particles by flowing water. The rate of fluvial erosion is determined both by the force of the flowing water (e.g. faster flow equals more force) and the resistance of the bank material to erosion (e.g. clay is generally more resistant to erosion than sand).

  5. Hydraulic action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_action

    Hydraulic action, most generally, is the ability of moving water (flowing or waves) to dislodge and transport rock particles.This includes a number of specific erosional processes, including abrasion, at facilitated erosion, such as static erosion where water leaches salts and floats off organic material from unconsolidated sediments, and from chemical erosion more often called chemical ...

  6. Erodibility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erodibility

    Erodability (or erodibility) is the inherent yielding or nonresistance of soils and rocks to erosion. A high erodibility implies that the same amount of work exerted by the erosion processes leads to a larger removal of material. Because the mechanics behind erosion depend upon the competence and coherence of the material, erodibility is ...

  7. Erosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion

    Thermal erosion is the result of melting and weakening permafrost due to moving water. [24] It can occur both along rivers and at the coast. Rapid river channel migration observed in the Lena River of Siberia is due to thermal erosion, as these portions of the banks are composed of permafrost-cemented non-cohesive materials. [25]

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  9. Downcutting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downcutting

    Lake bed downcutting is the erosion of cohesive material such as clay or glacial till from a shoreline by wave action. When the sand cover is stripped away and the cohesive layer is exposed, cohesive material is lost to the water column. Unlike sand, cohesive material cannot be replenished by natural events such as bluff erosion. This can ...