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The Kalam cosmological argument was influenced by the concept of the prime mover, introduced by Aristotle.It originates in the works of theologian and philosopher John Philoponus (490–570 AD) [10] and was developed substantially under the medieval Islamic scholastic tradition during the Islamic Golden Age.
A cosmological argument can also sometimes be referred to as an argument from universal causation, an argument from first cause, the causal argument or the prime mover argument. The concept of causation is a principal underpinning idea in all cosmological arguments, particularly in affirming the necessity for a First Cause .
The arguments of the philosophers (dala'il al-falasifah) for establishing that the world is one are weak, flimsy arguments founded upon feeble premises. Al-Razi therefore rejected the Aristotelian and Avicennian notions of the impossibility of multiple universes and he spent a few pages rebutting the main Aristotelian arguments in this respect.
The Kalām Cosmological Argument is a 1979 book by the philosopher William Lane Craig, in which the author offers a contemporary defense of the Kalām cosmological argument and argues for the existence of God, with an emphasis on the alleged metaphysical impossibility of an infinite regress of past events. First, Craig argues that the universe ...
This would support the Kalam cosmological argument, backing up the premise that the universe began to exist. [1] In 2018, Pruss provided a more thorough cosmological argument using causal finitism to motivate a necessary uncaused cause. The argument is as follows: Nothing has an infinite causal history. [Note 1] There are no causal loops.
[a] [56] [57] While the Kalam originated in medieval Islamic philosophy, Craig added appeals to scientific and philosophical ideas in the argument's defense. [6] Craig's work has resulted in contemporary interest in the argument, and in cosmological arguments in general. [58] [59] [60] Craig formulates his version of the argument as follows:
'The Kalam Cosmological Argument Neither Bloodied nor Bowed: A Response to Graham Oppy', Philosophia Christi 3 (2001): 193–6. 'Is There a Right to be Wrong?', Philosophy 75 (2000): 517–37. 'On the Cardinality of the Cardinal Virtues', International Journal of Philosophical Studies 7 (1999): 305–22.
William Lane Craig, The Kalam Cosmological Argument, 1979; Alvin Plantinga, "Is Belief in God Properly Basic?", 1981; Jean-Luc Marion, God Without Being, 1982; J. L. Mackie, The Miracle of Theism: Arguments for and against the Existence of God, 1982; John Hick, An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent, 1989/2004