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Typical variation of UV index by time of day and time of year, around 40.71 -74.01, based on FastRT UV Calculator [4] The UV index is a linear scale that measures the intensity of UV radiation with respect to sunburn.
Decreases in ozone amounts lead to increases in UV radiation. Calculations of UV irradiance based on relationships with total ozone and total irradiance suggest that UV irradiance has increased since the early 1980s by 6-14% at more than 10 sites distributed over mid- and high latitudes of both hemispheres.
Following the ozone depletion in 1997 and 2011, a 90% drop in ozone was measured by weather balloons over the Arctic in March 2020, as they normally recorded 3.5 parts per million of ozone, compared to only around 0.3 parts per million lastly, due to the coldest temperatures ever recorded since 1979, and a strong polar vortex which allowed ...
Medium-wave UV, mostly absorbed by the ozone layer: intermediate UV; Dorno radiation. UVB 280–315 Ultraviolet C 4.43–12.4 0.710–1.987 Short-wave UV, germicidal UV, ionizing radiation at shorter wavelengths, completely absorbed by the ozone layer and atmosphere: hard UV. UVC 100–280 Near ultraviolet 3.10–4.13 0.497–0.662
Ozone in the ozone layer filters out sunlight wavelengths from about 200 nm UV rays to 315 nm, with ozone peak absorption at about 250 nm. [54] This ozone UV absorption is important to life, since it extends the absorption of UV by ordinary oxygen and nitrogen in air (which absorb all wavelengths < 200 nm) through the lower UV-C (200–280 nm ...
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is in the wavelength range 280 to 320 nm. Much of this band is blocked by the Earth's ozone layer, but some penetrates. UVB: triggers the formation of CPD-DNA damage (direct DNA damage), which in turn induces an increased melanin production. [11] is more likely to cause a sunburn than UVA as a result of overexposure.
Dobson spectrophotometers can be used to measure both total column ozone and profiles of ozone in the atmosphere. [5] [6] Ozone is tri-atomic oxygen, O 3; ozone molecules absorb harmful UV light in the atmosphere before it reaches the surface of the earth. No UVC radiation penetrates to the ground as it is absorbed in the ozone-oxygen cycle.
Environmental indicator criteria and frameworks have been used to help in their selection and presentation. It can be considered, for example, that there are major subsets of environmental indicators in-line with the Pressure-State-Response model developed by the OECD. One subset of environmental indicators is the collection of ecological indicators which can include physical, biological and ...