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Identification is integral to the archaeological analysis of animal remains. [10]: 1 Identification of animal remains requires a combination of anatomy, taxonomy, and studies of archaeological context. [10]: 1 The ability to identify a piece of bone requires knowing what element (bone in the body) it is, and to what animal the bone belongs.
A set of mammal bones which may be from several specimens. In various archaeological disciplines including archaeology, forensic anthropology, bioarchaeology, osteoarchaeology and zooarchaeology, the number of identified specimens (also number of individual specimens or number of individual species), or NISP, is defined as the number of identified specimens for a specific site.
ZooMS is the most common archaeological application of peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and can be used for species identification of bones, teeth, skin and antler. It is commonly used to identify objects that cannot be identified morphologically.
A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals.There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is a rigid outer shell that holds up an organism's shape; the endoskeleton, a rigid internal frame to which the organs and soft tissues attach; and the hydroskeleton, a flexible internal structure supported by the hydrostatic pressure of body fluids.
A bone is a rigid organ [1] that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. Bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility. Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have complex internal and external ...
The same cannot be said for human bone collagen, as δ 18 O values in collagen seem to be impacted by drinking water, food water, and a combination of metabolic and physiological processes. [84] δ 18 O values from bone minerals are essentially an averaged isotopic signature throughout the entire life of the individual. [85]
Antler, a modified form of bone, grows out of the skull bones of certain species of animals, such as deer, and is typically shed once a year.It consists of a thick layer of compact bone, an inner section of spongy bone, and internal blood vessels that are fewer in number and more irregular than the ones present in bone.
When the suspected material is identified as bone, the next procedure is to categorise which bones belong to humans or animals. This procedure is conducted by forensic anthropologists since their daily tasks are to identify human bones. [7] There are skeletal variations in both human and nonhuman bones. [7]