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Short-Writing [60] 1690: Theophilus Metcalfe: English: Simson Shorthand [61] 1881: James Simson: English: Speedwriting [62] 1924: Emma Dearborn: English: State Unified Stenography System (GESS) [63] 1937: Nikolai Nikolaevich Sokolov: Russian: Used in the Soviet Union; also adapted for English, French, and some of the languages of the Soviet ...
The Lord's Prayer in Gregg and a variety of 19th-century systems Dutch stenography using the "System Groote". Shorthand is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed and brevity of writing as compared to longhand, a more common method of writing a language.
Pitman shorthand is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), who first presented it in 1837. [1] Like most systems of shorthand, it is a phonetic system; the symbols do not represent letters, but rather sounds, and words are, for the most part, written as they are spoken.
Court hand: alphabet (upper-cases and lower-cases) and some syllable abbreviations. Court hand (also common law hand, Anglicana, cursiva antiquior, and charter hand [1]) was a style of handwriting used in medieval English law courts, and later by professionals such as lawyers and clerks.
By the nineteenth century, attention was increasingly given to developing quality penmanship in Eastern schools. Countries that had a writing system based on logographs and syllabaries placed particular emphasis on form and quality when learning. [27] These countries, such as China and Japan, have pictophonetic characters that are difficult to ...
Eclectic shorthand (sometimes called "Cross shorthand" or "Eclectic-Cross shorthand" after its founder, J. G. Cross) is an English shorthand system of the 19th century. Although it has fallen into disuse, it is nonetheless noteworthy as one of the most compact (and complex) systems of writing ever devised. [citation needed]
After its decline and disappearance in printing in the early years of the 19th century, the long s persisted into the second half of the century in manuscript. In handwriting used for correspondence and diaries, its use for a single s seems to have disappeared first: most manuscript examples from the 19th century use it for the first s in a ...
Many masters offered their contributions in defining the aesthetic canons of the copperplate script, but what really stood out as fundamental was the work of the writing master and engraver George Bickham, who in his book The Universal Penman (1733–1741) collected script samples from twenty-five of the most talented London calligraphers.