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Letharia vulpina, commonly known as the wolf lichen (although the species name vulpina, from vulpine relates to the fox), is a fruticose lichenized species of fungus in the family Parmeliaceae. It is bright yellow-green, shrubby and highly branched, and grows on the bark of living and dead conifers in parts of western and continental Europe and ...
Letharia columbiana (common name brown-eye wolf lichen) is a common lichen in subalpine forests, particularly in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, and parts of Canada. [1] It is in the family Parmeliaceae, and the genus Letharia. Its characteristics include a bright citron color, “brown-eyes”, and rounded, irregular branches. [2]
Letharia is a genus of fruticose lichens belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. [2]There were historically two species of Letharia: L. vulpina and L. columbiana. [3] Recent molecular sequence studies published in 2016 confirm at least 6 species in Western North America alone, with more expected to be confirmed using similar methods in other parts of the world.
Lichens of the Sierra Nevada have been little studied. [1] A lichen is a composite organism consisting of a fungus (the mycobiont) and a photosynthetic partner (the photobiont or phycobiont) growing together in a symbiotic relationship. One classification of Sierra Nevada lichens is according to functional groups, by the National Park Service. [1]
These lichens are yellow because they have high concentrations of the bright yellow toxin vulpinic acid. Wolf lichen (Letharia vulpina) was used in Scandinavia to poison wolves. The process begins by adding the lichens to various baits such as reindeer blood and other meats, while sometimes mixing the concoction with ground glass or strychnine ...
A lichen (/ ˈ l aɪ k ən / LIE-kən, UK also / ˈ l ɪ tʃ ən / LI-chən) is a hybrid colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among filaments of multiple fungi species, along with yeasts and bacteria [1] [2] embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualistic relationship.
Edible lichens are lichens that have a cultural history of use as a food. Although almost all lichen are edible (with some notable poisonous exceptions like the wolf lichen , powdered sunshine lichen , and the ground lichen [ 1 ] ), not all have a cultural history of usage as an edible lichen.
But sometimes the parts of a lichen species common name are common names of other lichen genera. For example, Psilolechia lucida, in the genus Psilolechia, is commonly called "sulphur dust lichen". [1] [2] But "sulphur lichen" refers to the genus Fulgensia, and "dust lichen" refers either to the genus Chrysothrix or the genus Lepraria. [1] [3 ...