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In mathematics, the method of characteristics is a technique for solving partial differential equations. Typically, it applies to first-order equations , though in general characteristic curves can also be found for hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equation .
In mathematics, a partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation which involves a multivariable function and one or more of its partial derivatives.. The function is often thought of as an "unknown" that solves the equation, similar to how x is thought of as an unknown number solving, e.g., an algebraic equation like x 2 − 3x + 2 = 0.
The method of separation of variables is also used to solve a wide range of linear partial differential equations with boundary and initial conditions, such as the heat equation, wave equation, Laplace equation, Helmholtz equation and biharmonic equation.
FEM is a general numerical method for solving partial differential equations in two- or three-space variables (i.e., some boundary value problems). There are also studies about using FEM to solve high-dimensional problems. [1] To solve a problem, FEM subdivides a large system into smaller, simpler parts called finite elements.
Method of lines - the example, which shows the origin of the name of method. The method of lines (MOL, NMOL, NUMOL [1] [2] [3]) is a technique for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in which all but one dimension is discretized.
In the 1990s, M. A. Golberg and C. S. Chen extended the MFS to deal with inhomogeneous equations and time-dependent problems, greatly expanding its applicability. [7] [8] Later developments indicated that the MFS can be used to solve partial differential equations with variable coefficients. [9]
The boundary element method (BEM) is a numerical computational method of solving linear partial differential equations which have been formulated as integral equations (i.e. in boundary integral form), including fluid mechanics, acoustics, electromagnetics (where the technique is known as method of moments or abbreviated as MoM), [1] fracture mechanics, [2] and contact mechanics.
It is used to speed up calculation for problems involving operators on very different time scales, for example, chemical reactions in fluid dynamics, and to solve multidimensional partial differential equations by reducing them to a sum of one-dimensional problems.
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