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The 12-pdr rifle was designed in the early 1850s by British manufacturer Joseph Whitworth, who had recently been contracted to improve the Pattern 1853 Enfield.During his experiments with the Enfield, Whitworth was inspired to begin experimenting with a hexagonally-rifled barrel; Whitworth would later apply these principles to his field guns.
It was produced by Armstrong Whitworth, Elswick and used on Royal Navy warships, exported to allied countries, and used for land service. [4] In British service "12-pounder" was the rounded value of the projectile weight, and "12 cwt (hundredweight)" was the weight of the barrel and breech, to differentiate it from other "12-pounder" guns.
The Whitworth, designed by Joseph Whitworth and manufactured in England, was a rare gun during the war but an interesting precursor to modern artillery in that it was loaded from the breech and had exceptional accuracy over great distance. An engineering magazine wrote in 1864 that, "At 1600 yards [1500 m] the Whitworth gun fired 10 shots with ...
Breech-loading provides the advantage of reduced reloading time because it is far quicker to load the projectile and propellant into the chamber of a gun or cannon than to reach all the way over to the front end to load ammunition and then push them back down a long tube – especially when the projectile fits tightly and the tube has spiral ...
Whitworth was born in John Street, Stockport, Cheshire, where the Stockport Courthouse is today.The site is marked by a blue plaque on the back wall of the courthouse. He was the son of Charles Whitworth, a teacher and Congregational minister, and at an early age developed an interest in machinery.
70-pounder Whitworth naval gun United Kingdom: 1860s 160: RML 64-pounder 64 cwt gun United Kingdom: 1865 160: RML 64-pounder 71 cwt gun United Kingdom: 1870 160: RML 6.3-inch howitzer United Kingdom: 1878 178: RML 7-inch gun United Kingdom: 1860s-1890s 191: Widow Blakely [1] Confederate States of America: 1861 203: RML 8-inch gun United Kingdom ...
They were a bit liable to disturbances, [9] but the problem with the wedge breech was solved to satisfaction. [10] In 1864 a comparative test of three types of 70-pounder guns took place. In this test, the Armstrong breechloader could not stand up against newer Rifled Muzzle Loaders (RML) designed by himself and Whitworth.
Whitworth rifled breech loader United Kingdom: American Civil War: 75: 8 cm Kanone C/80 German Empire: Balkan Wars, World War I: 75: Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903 German Empire: Balkan Wars, World War I, World War II: 75: Reffye 75 mm cannon France: 1870–1877 75: Canon de 75 modèle 1897 France: World War I, World War II 75: Saint-Chamond ...