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The gymnosperms (/ ˈ dʒ ɪ m n ə ˌ s p ɜːr m z,-n oʊ-/ ⓘ JIM-nə-spurmz, -noh-; lit. ' revealed seeds ') are a group of woody, perennial seed-producing plants, typically lacking the protective outer covering which surrounds the seeds in flowering plants, that include conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae [2] The term gymnosperm comes from the ...
Intro to Plant Structure Contains diagrams of the plant tissues, listed as an outline. This page was last edited on 28 July 2024, at 19:11 (UTC). Text is ...
In contrast, this page deals with botanical terms in a systematic manner, with some illustrations, and organized by plant anatomy and function in plant physiology. [1] This glossary primarily includes terms that deal with vascular plants (ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms), particularly flowering plants (angiosperms).
The gymnosperms include conifers, cycads, gnetales and ginkgos and these may have appeared as a result of a whole genome duplication event which took place about 319 million years ago. [97] Ginkgophyta was once a widespread diverse group [ 98 ] of which the only survivor is the maidenhair tree Ginkgo biloba .
The stem anatomy of ferns is more complicated than that of dicots because fern stems often have one or more leaf gaps in cross section. A leaf gap is where the vascular tissue branches off to a frond. In cross section, the vascular tissue does not form a complete cylinder where a leaf gap occurs.
Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the division Pinophyta (/ p ɪ ˈ n ɒ f ɪ t ə, ˈ p aɪ n oʊ f aɪ t ə /), also known as Coniferophyta (/ ˌ k ɒ n ɪ f ə ˈ r ɒ f ɪ t ə,-oʊ f aɪ t ə /) or Coniferae. The division contains a single extant class, Pinopsida.
Diagram of archegonium anatomy. An archegonium (pl.: archegonia), from the Ancient Greek ἀρχή ("beginning") and γόνος ("offspring"), is a multicellular structure or organ of the gametophyte phase of certain plants, producing and containing the ovum or female gamete. The corresponding male organ is called the antheridium. The ...
Cross section of ovule in gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperm pollen is produced in microsporangia borne on the scales of the male cone or microstrobilus.In most species, the plants are wind-pollinated, and the pollen grains of conifers have air bladders that provide buoyancy in air currents.