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Thiazide (/ ˈ θ aɪ ə z aɪ d /) refers to both a class of sulfur-containing organic molecules [1] and a class of diuretics based on the chemical structure of benzothiadiazine. [2] The thiazide drug class was discovered and developed at Merck and Co. in the 1950s. [ 3 ]
Hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hydrodiuril among others, is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension and swelling due to fluid build-up. [4] Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine. [4]
For loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics and thiazide-like diuretics, their common side effects include hypokalemia, hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis and hyperglycaemia. [4] For potassium-sparing diuretics, its common side effects include hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis and sexual dysfunction specifically for spironolactone. [4] [5]
Diuretics, which lower blood pressure directly by causing the kidney to produce more urine. Beta-blockers, which slow down the heart and reduce the force of its contractions.
Other medications have a role in treating hypertension. Adverse effects of thiazide diuretics include hypercholesterolemia, and impaired glucose tolerance with increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2. The thiazide diuretics also deplete circulating potassium unless combined with a potassium-sparing diuretic or supplemental ...
Serious side effects may include low blood pressure, kidney problems, allergic reactions, and electrolyte problems. [1] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended. [3] Losartan works by blocking the effects of angiotensin II while hydrochlorothiazide works by decreasing the ability of the kidneys to absorb electrolytes. [1]
Serious, though rare, side effects include aplastic anemia, pancreatitis, agranulocytosis, and angioedema. Metolazone, like other thiazide diuretics, may unmask latent diabetes mellitus or exacerbate gout, especially by interacting with medicines used to treat gout.
[1] [2] It is a combination of olmesartan medoxomil, an angiotensin II receptor blocker and hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic. [2] It may be used if olmesartan is not sufficient to manage blood pressure. [3] It is taken by mouth. [3] Common side effects include nausea, dizziness, and upper respiratory tract infections. [1]