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  2. Antimicrobial spectrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_spectrum

    Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have low propensity to induce bacterial resistance and are less likely to disrupt the microbiome (normal microflora). [3] On the other hand, indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may not only induce the development of bacterial resistance and promote the emergency of multidrug-resistant organisms, but also cause off-target effects due to dysbiosis.

  3. Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_pharmacodynamics

    Therefore, an antibiotic with PAE would require less frequent administration and it could improve patient adherence with regard to pharmacotherapy. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] Proposed mechanisms include (1) slow recovery after reversible nonlethal damage to cell structures; (2) persistence of the drug at a binding site or within the periplasmic space ; and (3 ...

  4. Tetracycline antibiotics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracycline_antibiotics

    Inactivation is the rarest type of resistance, [32] where NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase, a class of antibiotic destructase, modifies the tetracycline antibiotic at their oxidative soft spot leading to an inactivation of the tetracycline antibiotic. For example, the oxireductase makes a modification on the C11a site of oxytetracycline.

  5. Piperacillin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperacillin

    Piperacillin is a broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic of the ureidopenicillin class. [1] The chemical structure of piperacillin and other ureidopenicillins incorporates a polar side chain that enhances penetration into Gram-negative bacteria and reduces susceptibility to cleavage by Gram-negative beta lactamase enzymes.

  6. List of antibiotics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_antibiotics

    The following is a list of antibiotics. The highest division between antibiotics is bactericidal and bacteriostatic. Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas ...

  7. Lincosamides - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincosamides

    Lincosamides are often used clinically as an alternative antibiotic for patients who are allergic to penicillin. Of the lincosamides, clindamycin is most commonly used within the clinic due to its higher bioavailability, higher oral absorption and efficacy within the target organism spectrum. [ 23 ]

  8. Sulfamethoxazole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfamethoxazole

    Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ or SMX) is an antibiotic. It is used for bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections, bronchitis, and prostatitis and is effective against both gram negative and positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. [1] Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and skin rashes.

  9. Azalide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azalide

    Applicable pharmacokinetic indexes are free azalide AUC 24 /MIC because of the post antibiotic effect they exhibit, and free azalide concentration/MIC. [ 3 ] , [ 5 ] Due to their large volume of distribution and lipophilic structure, azalides concentrate effectively in tissue.