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Generalized acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus includes skin below the patient's neck and is described as a macropapular rash or photosensitive lupus dermatitis. [4] Symptoms include similar erythematic lesions as seen in the localized form, but forms a symmetrical rash and can be mistaken for a drug rash. [4]
Clinical criteria: Individuals exhibiting 1) lesions that occur in acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus such as a malar rash, toxic epidermal necrolysis, bullae, (i.e., large blisters containing serous fluid), maculopapular rashes, photosensitive lupus-like rashes (in individuals who do not have dermatomyositis), or subacute cutaneous lupus ...
However, the rash of lupus is inclined to be more persistent. [2] PLE does not increase the risk of lupus. [15] Other similar appearing conditions are solar urticaria, which has a shorter duration, the eczema-like condition, photosensitive dermatitis, [2] and photosensitivity drug reaction. [9]
Patients with juvenile-onset lupus are more vulnerable to mucocutaneous manifestations of the disease (alopecia, skin rash, and ulceration of the mucous membranes) than any other age group, and they are also more susceptible to evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure. [7] However, patients with late-onset lupus have a much higher mortality rate.
Lupus erythematosus tumidus (LET) was reported by Henri Gougerot and Burnier R. in 1930. It is a photosensitive skin disorder, a different subtype of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) from discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) or subacute CLE (SCLE). [3] LET is usually found on sun-exposed areas of the body.
Solar urticaria is an immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity that can be introduced through primary or secondary factors, or induced by exogenous photosensitization. [15] [16] Primary SU is believed to be a type I hypersensitivity (a mild to severe reaction to an antigen including anaphylaxis) in which an antigen, or substance provoking an immune response, is "induced by UV or visible ...
The lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus are characterized by their distribution, which can be either annular with central clearing or papulosquamous. The lesions normally heal without atrophy or scarring, and these two forms can happen at the same time. While telangiectasia or hypopigmentation may occur, most patients' skin returns to ...
Chilblain lupus erythematosus was initially described by Hutchinson in 1888 as an uncommon manifestation of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. [2] Chilblain lupus erythematosus is characterized by a rash that primarily affects acral surfaces that are frequently exposed to cold temperatures, such as the toes, fingers, ears, and nose.