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Illustration depicting the layers of the heart wall including the innermost endocardium. The endocardium (pl.: endocardia) is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. Its cells are embryologically and biologically similar to the endothelial cells that line blood vessels. The endocardium also provides protection to the ...
[2] The conduction system consists of specialized heart muscle cells, situated within the myocardium. [3] There is a skeleton of fibrous tissue that surrounds the conduction system which can be seen on an ECG. Dysfunction of the conduction system can cause irregular heart rhythms including rhythms that are too fast or too slow.
Purkinje fibers take up stain differently from the surrounding muscle cells because of having relatively fewer myofibrils than other cardiac cells. The presence of glycogen around the nucleus causes Purkinje fibers to appear, on a slide, lighter and larger than their neighbors, being arranged along the longitudinal direction (parallel to the ...
And, if we take a closer look at one of these zones, we’ll see that basically you’ve got the endocardium, which is the smooth membrane on the inside of the heart, and then the myocardium, all the heart muscle, and then, the epicardium, the outer surface of the heart, which is where the coronary arteries live.
The heart wall’s made up of three layers, the epicardium being the outermost layer, then the myocardium, and then the endocardium, which is the layer that gets inflamed. It turns out that most cases of endocarditis are due to a microbial infection of the endocardium, usually involving the endocardium lining the cardiac valves.
Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, unimpaired function of the heart: involving blood flow; myocardium structure; the electrical conduction system of the heart; the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these interact and depend on one another.
These larger, thicker heart muscles require more oxygen, and if the patients can’t meet increasing demands, they feel pain in the form of angina. Whatever the case, the heart needs blood, and if we look at the heart wall, there’s three layers—the outermost layer, the epicardium, then the myocardium in the middle, and the endocardium ...
The bundle branches were separately described by Retzer and Braeunig as early as 1904, but their physiological function remained unclear and their role in the electrical conduction system of the heart remained unknown until Sunao Tawara published his monograph on Das Reizleitungssystem des Säugetierherzens (English: The Conduction System of the Mammalian Heart) in 1906. [4]
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