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2. Urinary anti-infective agent - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_anti-infective_agent

   TMP/SMX is commonly used due to its ability to achieve high concentrations in urinary tract tissues and urine. This antibiotic combination demonstrates notable efficacy in both the treatment and prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections. [12] Common adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, rash,pruritus, and photosensitivity. [26]

3. Oseltamivir total synthesis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseltamivir_total_synthesis

   The current production method is based on the first scalable synthesis developed by Gilead Sciences [4] starting from naturally occurring quinic acid or shikimic acid.Due to lower yields and the extra steps required (because of the additional dehydration), the quinic acid route was dropped in favour of the one based on shikimic acid, which received further improvements by Hoffmann-La Roche.

4. Oseltamivir - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseltamivir

   Oseltamivir, sold under the brand name Tamiflu among others, is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza A and influenza B, viruses that cause the flu. [5] Many medical organizations recommend it in people who have complications or are at high risk of complications within 48 hours of first symptoms of infection. [ 6 ]

5. Probenecid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probenecid

   Probenicid lowers the concentration of certain drugs in urine drug screens by reducing renal excretion of these drugs. Historically, probenecid has been used to increase the duration of action of drugs such as penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. Penicillins are excreted in the urine at proximal and distal convoluted tubules through ...

6. Shikimic acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shikimic_acid

   Shikimic acid can also be extracted from the seeds of the sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) fruit, [2] which is abundant in North America, in yields of around 1.5%. For example, 4 kg (8.8 lb) of sweetgum seeds is needed for fourteen packages of Tamiflu. By comparison, star anise has been reported to yield 3% to 7% shikimic acid.

7. List of antibiotics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_antibiotics

   The following is a list of antibiotics. The highest division between antibiotics is bactericidal and bacteriostatic . Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing.