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2. Calendering (textiles) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendering_(textiles)

   With textiles, fabric is passed between calender rollers at high temperatures and pressures. Calendering is used on fabrics such as moire to produce its watered effect and also on cambric and some types of sateens. In preparation for calendering, the fabric is folded lengthwise with the front side, or face, inside, and stitched together along ...

3. Finishing (textiles) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finishing_(textiles)

   Heat-setting is an important part of finishing synthetic or blended fabrics. Stiffening and filling process: A stiffening effect is desirable in certain polyamides and polyester materials (e.g. petticoats, collar inner linings), which can be done by reducing the mutual independence of structural elements of fabric by polymer deposition on ...

4. Heatsetting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heatsetting

   Heat setting is a term used in the textile industry to describe a thermal process usually taking place in either a steam atmosphere or a dry heat environment. The effect of the process gives fibers , yarns or fabric dimensional stability and, very often, other desirable attributes like higher volume, wrinkle resistance or temperature resistance.

5. Ageing (textiles) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ageing_(textiles)

   In stoving, temperature or heating was the consideration, while it ignored moisture application. When block printed material (one of the earliest forms of printing textiles) containing iron or aluminium mordants was thought to require merely heat to adhere to fabric, it was used. Those chambers were named "stoves."

6. Embossing (manufacturing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embossing_(manufacturing)

   Sheet metal embossing is a metalworking process for producing raised or sunken designs or relief in sheet metal. In contrast to coining (which uses unmatched dies), embossing uses matched male and female dies [ 1 ] to achieve the pattern, either by stamping , or by passing a sheet or strip of metal between patterned rollers . [ 2 ]

7. Hot stamping - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_stamping

   In the 19th century, hot stamping became a popular method of applying gold tooling or embossing in book printing on leather and paper. [5] The first patent for hot stamping was recorded in Germany by Ernst Oeser in 1892. [2] From the 1950s onward, the method became a popular means of marking plastic . [4]