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The fatty acids from each source are chemically identical. [7] The Vegan Society, which discourages eating animal-based foods, flags E471 as potentially animal based. [8] The World Health Organization’s (WHO) report on the toxicological evaluation of mono- and diglycerides states that, “Food fats are in the main triglycerides. However, many ...
Properties of vegetable oils [1] [2] The nutritional values are expressed as percent (%) by mass of total fat. Type Processing treatment [3] Saturated fatty acids Monounsaturated
For instance, α-linolenic acid is an 18:3 fatty acid and its three double bonds are located at positions Δ 9, Δ 12, and Δ 15. This notation can be ambiguous, as some different fatty acids can have the same C:D numbers. Consequently, when ambiguity exists this notation is usually paired with either a Δ x or n−x term. [13]
Pentanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 3 COOH C5:0 Caproic acid: Hexanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 4 COOH C6:0 Enanthic acid: Heptanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 5 COOH C7:0 Caprylic acid: Octanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 6 COOH C8:0 Pelargonic acid: Nonanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 7 COOH C9:0 Capric acid: Decanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 8 COOH C10:0 Undecylic acid: Undecanoic acid CH 3 (CH ...
It also contains the saturated fatty acids stearic acid (C-18:0), 4%, and palmitic acid (C-16:0), 10%. The high-proportion of oxidation-prone polyunsaturated fatty acid is undesirable for some uses, such as cooking oils. Three companies, Monsanto Company, DuPont/Bunge, and Asoyia in 2004 introduced low linolenic Roundup Ready soybeans.
Soybean oil: 15% 24% 61% 6.7% 50% 240 °C (464 °F) [4] Cooking, salad dressings, vegetable oil, margarine, shortening Sunflower oil (high oleic, refined) [11] 9%
Example of saponification reaction of a triglyceride molecule (left) with potassium hydroxide (KOH) yielding glycerol (purple) and salts of fatty acids ().. Saponification value or saponification number (SV or SN) represents the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) required to saponify one gram of fat under the conditions specified.
Monoglycerides are primarily used as surfactants, usually in the form of emulsifiers.Together with diglycerides, monoglycerides are commonly added to commercial food products in small quantities as "E471" (s.a. Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids), which helps to prevent mixtures of oils and water from separating.