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The assertion by some historians that the Romans invented the "mule shoes" sometime after 100 BC is supported by a reference by Catullus who died in 54 BC. [6] However, these references to use of horseshoes and muleshoes in Rome may have been to the "hipposandal"—leather boots, reinforced by an iron plate, rather than to nailed horseshoes. [9]
Henry Burden (April 22, 1791 – January 19, 1871) was an engineer and businessman who built an industrial complex in Troy, New York called the Burden Iron Works.Burden's horseshoe machine, invented in 1835, was capable of making 60 horseshoes a minute.
1630: Slide rule: invented by William Oughtred [389] [390] 1642: Mechanical calculator. The Pascaline is built by Blaise Pascal. [391] 1643: Barometer: invented by Evangelista Torricelli, or possibly up to three years earlier by Gasparo Berti. [392] 1650: Vacuum pump: Invented by Otto von Guericke. [393] 1656: Pendulum clock: Invented by ...
The first "one-armed bandit" was invented in 1887 by Charles Fey of San Francisco, California who devised a simple automatic mechanism with three spinning reels containing a total of five symbols – horseshoes, diamonds, spades, hearts and a Liberty Bell, which also gave the machine its name. [257] 1887 Softball
The nailed iron horseshoe first clearly appeared in the archaeological record in Europe in about the 5th century AD when a horseshoe, complete with nails, was found in the tomb of the Frankish King Childeric I at Tournai, Belgium. [9] In Gallo-Roman countries, the hipposandal appears to have briefly co-existed with the nailed horseshoe. [1] [7]
Hobnailed boots were formerly common in mountaineering to grip on sloping rock surfaces. These boots tended to have large pointed hobnails on the extreme edges of the soles and heels to grip small roughness on steeply sloping rock and on snow, but have become less common with the invention of crampons .
The earliest known shoes are sagebrush bark sandals dating from approximately 7000 or 8000 BC, found in the Fort Rock Cave in the US state of Oregon in 1938. [5] The world's oldest leather shoe, made from a single piece of cowhide laced with a leather cord along seams at the front and back, was found in the Areni-1 cave complex in Armenia in 2008 and is believed to date to 3500 BC.
Macaulayite: Dr. Jeff Wilson of the Macaulay Institute, Aberdeen. [123] Discovery of Catacol whitebeam by Scottish Natural Heritage and the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (1990s): a rare tree endemic and unique to the Isle of Arran in south west Scotland. The trees were confirmed as a distinct species by DNA testing. [124]