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Toluene is widely used in the paint, dye, rubber, chemical, glue, printing, and pharmaceutical industries as a solvent. [38] Nail polish, paintbrush cleaners, and stain removers may contain toluene. Manufacturing of explosives (TNT) uses it as well. Toluene is also found in cigarette smoke and car exhaust.
This page provides supplementary chemical data on toluene. ... Structure and properties. Structure and properties Index of refraction, n D: 1.4969 at 20 °C
p-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA, pTSA, or pTsOH) or tosylic acid (TsOH) is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 3 H.It is a white extremely hygroscopic solid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and other polar organic solvents. [6]
In the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries, the initialism BTX refers to mixtures of benzene, toluene, and the three xylene isomers, all of which are aromatic hydrocarbons. The xylene isomers are distinguished by the designations ortho – (or o –), meta – (or m –), and para – (or p –) as indicated in the adjacent diagram.
Structures of the three isomers of tolyl group. In organic chemistry, tolyl groups are functional groups related to toluene. [1] They have the general formula CH 3 C 6 H 4 −R, the change of the relative position of the methyl and the R substituent on the aromatic ring can generate three possible structural isomers 1,2 (ortho), 1,3 (meta), and 1,4 (para).
4-Toluenesulfonyl chloride (p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, toluene-p-sulfonyl chloride) is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 2 Cl. This white, malodorous solid is a reagent widely used in organic synthesis. [2] Abbreviated TsCl or TosCl, it is a derivative of toluene and contains a sulfonyl chloride (−SO 2 Cl) functional group.
It is mainly used to manufacture toluene diisocyanate, which is a key raw material in polyurethane chemistry. [4] It is still the starting material used when non-phosgene methods of production of toluene diisocyanate are used. [5] [6] It is also a degradation product of polyurethane materials produced using toluene diisocyanate.
A second and perhaps more valuable use of trifluorotoluene is as a synthetic intermediate. A derivative of trifluorotoluene, 3-aminobenzotrifluoride, is the precursor to the herbicide fluometuron. [3] It is synthesized via nitration followed by reduction to meta-H 2 NC 6 H 4 CF 3. This aniline is then converted to the urea.