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Along with its sister group, the sea angels (Gymnosomata), the sea butterflies (Thecosomata) are included in the order Pteropoda. [3] The validity of the pteropod order is not universally accepted; it fell out of favour for a number of years, but recent molecular evidence suggests that the taxon should be revived. [14]
Most live in the top 10 m of the ocean and are less than 1 cm long. The monophyly of Pteropoda is the subject of a lengthy debate; they have even been considered as paraphyletic with respect to cephalopods. [1] Current consensus, guided by molecular studies, leans towards interpreting the group as monophyletic. [2]
The adaptations also explain the common name sea angel and the scientific name of the order: From Greek gymnos meaning "naked" and soma meaning "body". The lack of a heavy shell for gymnosomes allows them to hover on the upper water surfaces for longer periods, along with a streamlined body that reduces the drag coefficient.
Order Megaloptera – 250–300 (Alderflies, dobsonflies, and fishflies) Order Neuroptera – 5,000 (Net-winged insects) Order †Protomecoptera; Order †Tarachoptera; Order †Permotrichoptera; Order Lepidoptera – 174,250 (Butterflies and moths) Order Trichoptera – 12,627 (Caddisfly) Order †Paratrichoptera; Order †Protodiptera ...
As pelagic marine gastropods, Limacina swim by flapping their parapodia, inspiring the common name sea butterflies. Sea butterflies are part of the clade Thecosomata. Sea angels, similar to Limacina, are in the order Gymnosomata. Both of these orders are still referred to as "pteropods". Sea butterflies of the order Thecosomata have a shell ...
Of the approximately 174,250 lepidopteran species described until 2007, butterflies and skippers are estimated to comprise approximately 17,950, with moths making up the rest. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The vast majority of Lepidoptera are to be found in the tropics, but substantial diversity exists on most continents.
A study found a group of painted lady butterflies traveled 2,600 miles across the Atlantic Ocean without stopping. Experts say it may be a world record for insects. ... But the real key to finding ...
The superfamily Cavolinioidea is the most speciose group of sea butterflies. They belong to the suborder Euthecosomata. [1] Sea butterflies (thecosomata) are pelagic marine gastropods, so called because they swim by flapping their wing-like parapodia.