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In Christian theology, redemption (Ancient Greek: Ἀπολύτρωσις, apolutrosis) refers to the deliverance of Christians from sin and its consequences. [1] Christians believe that all people are born into a state of sin and separation from God, and that redemption is a necessary part of salvation in order to obtain eternal life. [2]
Redemptive suffering is the Christian belief that human suffering, when accepted and offered up in union with the Passion of Jesus, can remit the just punishment for one's sins or for the sins of another, or for the other physical or spiritual needs of oneself or another.
Christian theology sometimes refers to Jesus using the title Redeemer or Saviour. This refererences the salvation he accomplished, and is based on the metaphor of redemption, or "buying back". In the New Testament, redemption can refer both to deliverance from sin and to freedom from captivity. [1]
In Orthodox theology, expiation is an act of offering that seeks to change the one making the offering. The Biblical Greek word which is translated both as " propitiation " and as "expiation" is hilasmos (I John 2:2, 4:10), which means "to make acceptable and enable one to draw close to God".
The doctrine of sin is central to the Christian faith, since its basic message is about redemption in Christ. [2] Hamartiology, a branch of Christian theology which is the study of sin, [3] describes sin as an act of offence against God by despising his persons and Christian biblical law, and by injuring others. [4]
Romans 3:23–24—"For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus" [4] Romans 5:18—"Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of righteousness leads to justification and life for all men." [4]
Limited atonement (also called definite atonement [1] or particular redemption) is a doctrine accepted in some Christian theological traditions. It is particularly associated with the Reformed tradition and is one of the five points of Calvinism .
The Roman Catholic Church links New Earth with New Creation (theology), seeing them both signified in Baptism. [7] Baptismal grace - in particular, the fruit of the Holy Spirit - is a foretaste of eternal life in Paradise , [ 8 ] which in turn is a foretaste of deified life in the New Earth on Judgment Day .