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PSA International Pte Ltd, formerly the Port of Singapore Authority, is a port operator and supply chain company, with flagship operations in Singapore and Antwerp. One of the largest port operators in the world, PSA has terminals across 26 countries, including deepsea, rail and inland facilities.
Using this model, if the temperature of the seawater is known from external sources, then measurements of the brightness temperature can be used to compute the salinity of surface seawater directly. Figure 1 shows an example of the brightness temperature curves associated with sea surface salinity, as a function of sea surface temperature.
The oceanic average sea surface salinity is about 35 PSS (or 3.5% salt) and varies globally from 32 to 37 PSS. The Aquarius mission goal is to measure changes in salinity of 0.2 PSS. [7] Aquarius measured sea surface salinity by using radiometers to detect changes in the oceans microwave thermal emissions frequencies due to salinity. Aquarius ...
Annual mean sea surface salinity for the World Ocean. Data from the World Ocean Atlas 2009. [1] International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) standard seawater. Salinity (/ s ə ˈ l ɪ n ɪ t i /) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is ...
EMAS was founded in 1992 by Mr. Lee Kian Soo. Headquartered in Singapore, [6] EMAS is now an offshore service provider, with offices in 16 locations across 5 continents. 1992 Founded. Incorporated EMAS Offshore to provide management and operation of offshore support vessels. 2003 Launch of Initial Public Offering (IPO) in Singapore [7]
X-Press Feeders/Sea Consortium is a container shipping group operating out of Singapore. It is the 14th largest operator by capacity according to the Top 100 ranking for 2021 published by the maritime portal Alphaliner. [ 11 ]
Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, 35 ppt, 600 mM). This means that every kilogram (roughly one liter by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium ( Na +
Project Aquarius will attempt to monitor sea surface salinity with an accuracy of 0.1 psu (10- to 30-day average and a spatial resolution of 200 km x 200 km). [7] [13] The first global map of oceanic surface salinity, produced by the SMOS satellite. The salinity varies from 32‰ (deep purple) to 38‰ (bright red).