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However, understanding tropical precipitation is important for weather and climate prediction, as this precipitation contains three-fourths of the energy that drives atmospheric wind circulation. [3] Prior to TRMM, the distribution of rainfall worldwide was known to only a 50% of certainty. [4] The concept for TRMM was first proposed in 1984.
An atmospheric reanalysis (also: meteorological reanalysis and climate reanalysis) is a meteorological and climate data assimilation project which aims to assimilate historical atmospheric observational data spanning an extended period, using a single consistent assimilation (or "analysis") scheme throughout.
In areas where imperial units are used (primarily the United States), liquid precipitation (rain and drizzle) is measured in intervals of 0.01 inches (0.25 mm), while snow, ice pellets, and most other precipitation types are measured in intervals of 0.1 inches (2.5 mm). [1]
The probability of precipitation can also be expressed using descriptive terms instead of numerical values. For instance, the NWS might describe a precipitation forecast with terms such as "slight chance" meaning 20% certainty and "scattered" meaning 30–50% areal coverage. [10] The precise meaning of these terms varies. [11]
They use three levels of warning. The amber warning indicates that a rainfall intensity of 30 millimetres (1.2 in) per hour is expected. The red warning indicates rainfall amounts of 50 millimetres (2.0 in) per hour are anticipated. The black warning indicates that rainfall rates of 70 millimetres (2.8 in) are possible. [19]
Rainfall character is decided by the total amount of rain that has fallen in a set period (usually 1 hour) by counting the number of pulses during that period. Algorithms may be applied to the data as a method of correcting the data for high-intensity rainfall. Tipping bucket rain gauge recorder Closeup of a tipping bucket rain gauge recorder chart
The percent chance of an X-year flood occurring in a single year is 100/X. A similar analysis is commonly applied to coastal flooding or rainfall data. The recurrence interval of a storm is rarely identical to that of an associated riverine flood, because of rainfall timing and location variations among different drainage basins .
Weather radar in Norman, Oklahoma with rainshaft Weather (WF44) radar dish University of Oklahoma OU-PRIME C-band, polarimetric, weather radar during construction. Weather radar, also called weather surveillance radar (WSR) and Doppler weather radar, is a type of radar used to locate precipitation, calculate its motion, and estimate its type (rain, snow, hail etc.).