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Public participation, also known as citizen participation or patient and public involvement, is the inclusion of the public in the activities of any organization or project. Public participation is similar to but more inclusive than stakeholder engagement .
Public participation in decision-making has been studied as a way to align value judgements and risk trade-offs with public values and attitudes about acceptable risk. This research is of interest for emerging areas of science, including controversial technologies and new applications.
The public engagement, here, is defined as “processes and initiatives focused on enabling public participation in the responsible innovation and development of new technologies, including the management and assessment of technological risk.” [4] The goals include:
Civic engagement or civic participation is any individual or group activity addressing issues of public concern. [1] Civic engagement includes communities working together or individuals working alone in both political and non-political actions to protect public values or make a change in a community.
Public involvement in medical research can be defined as research being carried out "with" or "by" members of the public rather than "to", "about" or "for" them.Through PPI patients, carers and people with lived experience work alongside researchers to influence and contribute to how research is designed and conducted.
"World War I, public intellectuals, and the Four Minute Men: Convergent ideals of public speaking and civic participation." Rhetoric & Public Affairs 12.4 (2009): 607–633. Mock, James R. and Cedric Larson, Words that Won the War: The Story of the Committee on Public Information, 1917–1919, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1939. OCLC ...
Participation by consultation is an extractive process, whereby stakeholders provide answers to questions posed by outside researchers or experts. Input is not limited to meetings but can be provided at different points in time.
Public participation, in this context, is the inclusion of the public in the activities of a polity. It can be any process that directly engages the public in decision-making and gives consideration to its input. [5] The extent to which political participation should be considered necessary or appropriate is under debate in political philosophy ...