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Firefighting foam is a foam used for fire suppression. Its role is to cool the fire and to coat the fuel, preventing its contact with oxygen, thus achieving suppression of the combustion. Firefighting foam was invented by the Moldovan engineer and chemist Aleksandr Loran in 1902. [1] The surfactants used must produce foam in concentrations of ...
After testing a dry type 2 foam in several situations, Johnny Murdock notes, "The emerging consensus is that the dryer foams (type II; maybe type I) should be used to suppress vapors, protect unburned structures, build wildland fire lines involving unburned fuels; … and that structural fire suppression requires a wetter foam (type IV or type ...
A fire retardant is a substance that is used to slow down or stop the spread of fire or reduce its intensity. This is commonly accomplished by chemical reactions that reduce the flammability of fuels or delay their combustion. [1] [2] Fire retardants may also cool the fuel through physical action or endothermic chemical reactions.
Fire-retardant materials should not be confused with fire-resistant materials. A fire resistant material is one which is designed to resist burning and withstand heat. An example of a fire-resistant material is one which is used in bunker gear worn by firefighters to protect them from the flames of a burning building.
All types of foam are widely used as core material in sandwich-structured composite materials. The earliest known engineering use of cellular solids is with wood, which in its dry form is a closed-cell foam composed of lignin, cellulose, and air. From the early 20th century, various types of specially manufactured solid foams came into use.
Once a fire has started, the resulting exothermic chain reaction sustains the fire and allows it to continue until or unless at least one of the elements of the fire is blocked: foam can be used to deny the fire the oxygen it needs; water can be used to lower the temperature of the fuel below the ignition point, or to remove or disperse the fuel.
As multiple wildfires burn in Southern California, including the Palisades Fire in Los Angeles, authorities have made the rare move of scooping up ocean water to help battle the flames.. Saltwater ...
As of 2022, Phos-Chek LC-95A is the most used fire retardant in the world. [8] A Phos-Chek tank trailer at Ramona Airport. Phos-Chek is produced in several colors, [9] including off-white, [10] red iron oxide, [11] and a fugitive mixture that is red when dispersed but gradually fades to an earth-tone when exposed to sunlight. [11]