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Masada (Hebrew: מְצָדָה məṣādā, 'fortress'; Arabic: جبل مسعدة) [1] is an ancient fortification in southern Israel, situated on top of an isolated rock plateau, akin to a mesa. It is located on the eastern edge of the Judaean Desert , overlooking the Dead Sea 20 km (12 miles) east of Arad .
Herod also developed an innovative combination of palace and fortress; examples include the Antonia Fortress in Jerusalem, the Herodium in the Judean Desert about 2 miles south of Bethlehem, [2] and Masada. Characteristically, they have (or had) one tower higher and stronger than the others.
The siege of Masada was one of the final events in the First Jewish–Roman War, occurring from 72 to 73 CE on and around a hilltop in present-day Israel.. The siege is known to history via a single source, Flavius Josephus, [3] a Jewish rebel leader captured by the Romans, in whose service he became a historian.
A new temple to replace the destroyed Solomon's Temple was built in Jerusalem by the returnees, and the Second Temple was finished around 516 BCE. Second Temple Judaism was centered around the religious leadership of the Second Temple, and lasted for six centuries. The Persians were largely tolerant of Judaism.
In 1841, Edward Robinson's identified the site in Biblical Researches in Palestine as Herodium based on the description found in Josephus. [11] [12] Josephus described a palace fortress and a small town, named after Herod the Great, built between 23 and 15 BCE. A sarcophagus discovered in 2007 was claimed to belong to Herod as it was more ...
Both Herodium and Machaerus fell to the Roman army within the next two years, with Masada remaining as the final stronghold of the Judean rebels. In 73 CE, the Romans breached the walls of Masada and captured the fortress, with Josephus claiming that nearly all of the Jewish defenders had committed mass suicide prior to the entry of the Romans ...
Ehud Netzer (Hebrew: אהוד נצר 13 May 1934 – 28 October 2010 [1]) was an Israeli architect, archaeologist and educator, known for his extensive excavations at Herodium, where in 2007 he found the tomb of Herod the Great; [2] and the discovery of a structure defined by Netzer as a synagogue, which if true would be the oldest one ever found (the "Wadi Qelt Synagogue").
The Masada myth is the early Zionist retelling of the Siege of Masada, and an Israeli national myth. [1] The Masada myth is a selectively constructed narrative based on Josephus 's account, with the Sicarii depicted as heroes, instead of as brigands.