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The leader–member exchange (LMX) theory is a relationship-based approach to leadership that focuses on the two-way relationship between leaders and followers. [1]The latest version (2016) of leader–member exchange theory of leadership development explains the growth of vertical dyadic workplace influence and team performance in terms of selection and self-selection of informal ...
The theory focuses on types of leader-subordinate relationships [4] which are further classified into subgroups, namely the in-group and the out-group. [5] The in-group consists of members that receive greater responsibilities and encouragement, [ 5 ] and are able to express opinions without having any restrictions.
Psychological research in the theory of LMX has empirically proven its usefulness in understanding group processes. The natural tendency for groups to develop into subgroups and create a clique of an in-group versus an out-group is supported by researcher (Bass, 1990).
With out-group members, leaders expect no more than adequate job performance, good attendance, reasonable respect, and adherence to the job description in exchange for a fair wage and standard benefits. The leader spends less time with out-group members, they have fewer developmental experiences, and the leader tends to emphasize his/her formal ...
A quasi-foreign corporation (also known as a pseudo-foreign corporation) is a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction with which it has minimal business contacts. . Corporations may incorporate in foreign jurisdictions in order to minimize liability, taxes, or regulatory int
Hollywood labor groups are seeking answers amid an apparent crackdown by the state of California on the use of so-called loan-out corporations — a long-standing industry practice that helps ...
Exploratory and value-added innovation require different leadership styles and behaviors to succeed. [14] Value-added innovation (PwC, 2010) involves refining and revising an existing product or service and typically requires minimal risk taking (compared to exploratory innovation, which often involves taking a large risk); in this case, it is most appropriate for a leader for innovation to ...
The Department of Corporations was originally known as the "State Corporation Department" and was created by the "Investment Companies Act". [1] Governor Hiram Johnson appointed H.L. Carnahan as California's first Commissioner of Corporations in 1914. The Investment Companies Act faced immediate opposition but was approved by the voters in a ...