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The treatment of obstructed labour may require cesarean section or vacuum extraction with possible surgical opening of the symphysis pubis. [4] Caesarean section is an invasive method but is often the only method that will save the lives of both the mother and the infant. [18] Symphysiotomy is the surgical opening of the symphysis pubis.
Stunted growth, also known as stunting or linear growth failure, is defined as impaired growth and development manifested by low height-for-age. [1] It is a manifestation of malnutrition (undernutrition) and can be caused by endogenous factors (such as chronic food insecurity) or exogenous factors (such as parasitic infection).
Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [11] [12] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form.
Treatments include dietary recommendations such as eating more fiber and probiotics or reducing the consumption of fatty foods and caffeine. Laxatives are also commonly recommended to improve IBS ...
The 2010 South Africa Department of Health Study found that 30.2% of pregnant women in South Africa have AIDS. [4] Malnutrition can cause several different health problems, such as pellagra. [5] [6] The specific consequences of malnutrition vary depending on the individual and the specific nutrients the individual's diet is lacking.
Pellagra is a disease caused by a lack of the vitamin niacin (vitamin B 3). [2] Symptoms include inflamed skin, diarrhea, dementia, and sores in the mouth. [1] Areas of the skin exposed to friction and radiation are typically affected first. [1]
Once malnutrition is treated, adequate growth is an indication of health and recovery. [5] Even after recovering from severe malnutrition, children often remain stunted for the rest of their lives. [5] Even mild degrees of malnutrition double the risk of mortality for respiratory and diarrheal disease mortality and malaria. [5]
Micronutrient deficiencies are considered a public health problem worldwide. For over 30 years it has been estimated that more than two billion people of all ages are affected by this burden, [1] while a recently published study based on individual-level biomarker data estimated that there are 372 million children aged 5 years and younger, and 1.2 billion non-pregnant women of reproductive age ...