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  2. List of countries by total fertility rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total...

    The Population Reference Bureau (PRB) Country ranking and comparison by TFR: 1970 and 2013 list is sourced and based on the data of the 2014 World Population Data Sheet, [16] which was published online. [17] [18] Forecast/prediction ranking lists: The UN ranking list is sourced from the United Nations World Population Prospects. Figures are ...

  3. Inbreeding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding

    Inbreeding is also used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.

  4. Total fertility rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_fertility_rate

    A 2023 map of countries by fertility rate. Blue indicates negative fertility rates. Red indicates positive rates. The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime, if they were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through their lifetime, and they were to live from birth until the end of ...

  5. Human sex ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sex_ratio

    Sex ratio by country for the population below age 15. Blue represents more boys, red more girls than the world average of 1.07 males/female. Sex ratio by country for total population. Blue represents more men and boys, red more women and girls than the world average of 1.01 males/female. Sex ratio by country for the over-65 population.

  6. Sex ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_ratio

    A sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population.As explained by Fisher's principle, for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually.

  7. Gene flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_flow

    When a species exist in small populations there is an increased risk of inbreeding and greater susceptibility to loss of diversity due to drift. These populations can benefit greatly from the introduction of unrelated individuals [11] who can increase diversity [16] and reduce the amount of inbreeding, and potentially increase population size. [17]

  8. Human genetic variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_variation

    The distribution of many physical traits resembles the distribution of genetic variation within and between human populations (American Association of Physical Anthropologists 1996; Keita and Kittles 1997). For example, ~90% of the variation in human head shapes occurs within continental groups, and ~10% separates groups, with a greater ...

  9. List of countries by birth rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_birth...

    The article lists 233 countries and territories in crude birth rate. The first list is provided by Population Reference Bureau. [1] The second list is based on CIA World Factbook estimates for the year 2023. [2] Dependent territories and not fully recognized states might not be ranked.