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Ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs) are heterogeneous tumors that are derived from the primitive germ cells of the embryonic gonad, which accounts for about 2.6% of all ovarian malignancies. [1] There are four main types of OGCTs, namely dysgerminomas , yolk sac tumor , teratoma , and choriocarcinoma .
Germ cell tumor accounts for about 30% of ovarian tumors, but only 5% of ovarian cancers, because most germ-cell tumors are teratomas and most teratomas are benign. Malignant teratomas tend to occur in older women, when one of the germ layers in the tumor develops into a squamous cell carcinoma . [ 26 ]
The 1997 International Germ Cell Consensus Classification [17] is a tool for estimating the risk of relapse after treatment of malignant germ-cell tumor. A small study of ovarian tumors in girls [18] reports a correlation between cystic and benign tumors, and conversely, solid and malignant tumors. Because the cystic extent of a tumor can be ...
A dysgerminoma is a type of germ cell tumor; [1] it usually is malignant and usually occurs in the ovary.. A tumor of the identical histology but not occurring in the ovary may be described by an alternate name: seminoma in the testis [2] or germinoma in the central nervous system or other parts of the body.
The immature ova originate from cells from the dorsal endoderm of the yolk sac. Once they have reached the gonadal ridge they are called oogonia. Development proceeds and the oogonia become fully surrounded by a layer of connective tissue cells (pre-granulosa cells). In this way, the rudiments of the ovarian follicles are formed.
In contrast, the epithelial cells originate from the outer epithelial lining surrounding the gonad while the germ cell tumors arise from the precursor cells of the gametes, hence the name germ cell. [1] In humans, this group accounts for 8% of ovarian cancers and under 5% of testicular cancers. Their diagnosis is histological: only a biopsy of ...
Dysgerminoma is the most common type of malignant germ-cell ovarian cancer. Dysgerminoma usually occurs in adolescence and early adult life; about 5% occur in prepubertal children. Dysgerminoma is extremely rare after age 50. It occurs in both ovaries in 10% of patients and, in a further 10%, a microscopic tumor is in the other ovary. [citation ...
Germ cell tumor: Cancers derived from pluripotent cells, most often presenting in the testicle or the ovary (seminoma and dysgerminoma, respectively). Blastoma : Cancers derived from immature "precursor" cells or embryonic tissue.