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The practice of women dressing as men was generally viewed more positively as compared to men dressing as women. Altenburger states that female-to-male cross-dressing entailed a movement forward in terms of social status, power, and freedom [2] whereas men who cross-dressed were ridiculed or otherwise viewed negatively. [4]
Nathaniel Lyon (1818–1861) General for the Union during the American Civil War, allegedly dressed as a woman to spy on an enemy encampment. Giuseppa Bolognara Calcagno (1826–1884) was a heroine in the liberation of Catania in support of Garibaldi's Expedition of the Thousand ; she wore only men's clothing, lived like a man among the male ...
Women dressed as men, and less often men dressed as women, is a common trope in fiction [111] and folklore. For example, in Thrymskvitha , Thor disguised himself as Freya . [ 111 ] These disguises were also popular in Gothic fiction , such as in works by Charles Dickens , Alexandre Dumas, père , and Eugène Sue , [ 111 ] and in a number of ...
– French comedy series starring two men who portray themselves as women—Samantha (played by David Strajmayster) and Chantal (Guillaume Carcaud). Sasameki Koto – Masaki Akemiya is a boy who cross-dresses as a girl. Saved by the Bell – Zach and Screech occasionally dress as women either to disguise themselves or for comic effect.
Deborah Sampson Gannett, also known as Deborah Samson or Deborah Sampson, [1] (December 17, 1760 – April 29, 1827) was a Massachusetts woman who disguised herself as a man and served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.
Crane notes that the English and their French Burgundian allies referred to her as a "monstrous woman, disorderly and notorious woman who dresses in men's clothes, whose conduct is dissolute" (femme monstrueuse, femme désordonnée et diffamée, estant en habit d'homme et de gouvernement disslut). [21]
Beyond theatre, in the 1800s, Molly houses became a place for gay men to meet, often dressed in drag. [72] Despite homosexuality being outlawed, men would dress in women's clothing and attend these taverns and coffee houses to congregate and meet other, mostly gay, men. [72]
Men dressed as women have been featured in certain traditional customs for centuries. For example, the characters of some regional variants of the traditional mummers' play, which were traditionally always performed by men, include Besom Bet(ty); numerous variations on Bessy or Betsy; Bucksome Nell; Mrs Clagdarse; Dame Dolly; Dame Dorothy; Mrs Finney; Mrs Frail; and many others.