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In a classical laboratory demonstration, heating a mixture of potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide produces oxygen gas. Manganese dioxide also catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water: 2 H 2 O 2 → 2 H 2 O + O 2. Manganese dioxide decomposes above about 530 °C to manganese(III) oxide and oxygen.
The reaction, using H 2 O 2 for the formation of ·OH, is carried out in an acidic medium (2.5-4.5 pH) [9] and a low temperature (30 °C - 50 °C), [10] in a safe and efficient way, using optimized catalyst and hydrogen peroxide formulations.
Manganese oxide is any of a variety of manganese oxides and hydroxides. [1] These include Manganese(II) oxide, MnO; Manganese(II,III) oxide, Mn 3 O 4; Manganese(III) oxide, Mn 2 O 3; Manganese dioxide, MnO 2; Manganese(VI) oxide, MnO 3; Manganese(VII) oxide, Mn 2 O 7; Other manganese oxides include Mn 5 O 8, Mn 7 O 12 and Mn 7 O 13.
Potassium dichromate – used infrequently as an oxidizer; can be used as a surface treatment for passivation of magnesium particles, also as a catalyst and in some matches; potassium perchlorate often added; Oxides and peroxides: Barium peroxide – unstable, spontaneously decomposes, compositions containing it should not be stored; Strontium ...
hydrogen sulfide: Claus process: vanadium pentoxide (heterogeneous) sulfur: remediation of byproduct of oil refinery: methane, ammonia: Andrussow process: platinum (heterogeneous) hydrogen cyanide: basic chemicals, gold mining extractant ethylene: epoxidation: mixed Ag oxides (heterogeneous) ethylene oxide: basic chemicals, surfactants ...
According to the model of Deal and Grove[4], the growth rate of the oxide layer is directly related to the effective diffusion coefficient of the water molecules into the oxide layer and the equilibrium concentration in the immediate area. When a carrier gas is used to deliver water vapor, the carrier gas molecules generate a partial pressure.
The V-2 rocket used it in combination with hydrogen peroxide to drive a steam turbopump. [ 3 ] As an oxidizer, sodium permanganate is used in environmental remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents using the remediation technology in situ chemical oxidation, also referred to as ISCO.
At this site, a 10% solution of hydrogen peroxide was injected into a formaldehyde plume. Fenton's reagent was initially used to treat hydrocarbon sites where benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene were present. [4] Hydrogen peroxide is effective for chlorinated solvents as is permanganate, which also became an established remedial agent. [4]