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Russian orthography was simplified by unifying several adjectival and pronominal inflections, conflating the letter ѣ with е, ѳ with ф, and і and ѵ with и. Additionally, the archaic mute yer became obsolete, including the ъ (the " hard sign ") in final position following consonants (thus eliminating practically the last graphical ...
The Rules of Russian Orthography and Punctuation (Russian: Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации, tr.: Pravila russkoj orfografii i punktuacii) of 1956 is the current reference to regulate the modern Russian language. [1]
Examples: есть/ѣсть (is/to eat) and миръ/міръ (peace/world) became есть and мир in both instances. Pre-revolutionary orthography on signage at a Russian Orthodox monastery in the United States, photographed in 2021.
Example: сделать (to do) sounds like зделать [ˈzʲdʲeɫətʲ]. Russian features general regressive assimilation of voicing and palatalization. [87] In longer clusters, this means that multiple consonants may be soft despite their underlyingly (and orthographically) being hard. [88]
The Russian alphabet (ру́сский алфави́т, russkiy alfavit, [a] or ру́сская а́збука, russkaya azbuka, [b] more traditionally) is the script used to write the Russian language.
In the pronunciation of the Russian language, several ways of vowel reduction (and its absence) are distinguished between the standard language and dialects. Russian orthography most often does not reflect vowel reduction, which can confuse foreign-language learners, but some spelling reforms have changed some words.
For example, "Yokohama" is spelled in Russian with Ио , not Ё . Similarly, ё is used to transcribe into Russian Cyrillic the Korean sounds romanized as yo , and confusingly also for yeo with the same letter. In such transcriptions, as well as in languages other than Russian where ё is used, the use of ё rather than е is obligatory.
For example, the name of the business newspaper Kommersant appears on its masthead with a word-final hard sign, which is superfluous in modern orthography: "Коммерсантъ". Calls for the reintroduction of the old spelling were heard, though not taken seriously, as supporters of the yat described it as "that most Russian of letters ...