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  2. Convection–diffusion equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection–diffusion...

    The convection–diffusion equation can be derived in a straightforward way [4] from the continuity equation, which states that the rate of change for a scalar quantity in a differential control volume is given by flow and diffusion into and out of that part of the system along with any generation or consumption inside the control volume: + =, where j is the total flux and R is a net ...

  3. Cross-correlation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-correlation

    For jointly wide-sense stationary stochastic processes, the definition is = ⁡ = ⁡ [() (+) ¯] The normalization is important both because the interpretation of the autocorrelation as a correlation provides a scale-free measure of the strength of statistical dependence, and because the normalization has an effect on the statistical ...

  4. Convolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolution

    The convolution of and is written , denoting the operator with the symbol . [B] It is defined as the integral of the product of the two functions after one is reflected about the y-axis and shifted.

  5. Convex function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex_function

    In simple terms, a convex function graph is shaped like a cup (or a straight line like a linear function), while a concave function's graph is shaped like a cap . A twice- differentiable function of a single variable is convex if and only if its second derivative is nonnegative on its entire domain . [ 1 ]

  6. Hamiltonian mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian_mechanics

    A simple interpretation of Hamiltonian mechanics comes from its application on a one-dimensional system consisting of one nonrelativistic particle of mass m. The value H ( p , q ) {\displaystyle H(p,q)} of the Hamiltonian is the total energy of the system, in this case the sum of kinetic and potential energy , traditionally denoted T and V ...

  7. What is affirmative action? Policy explained in simple terms

    www.aol.com/news/affirmative-action-policy...

    News of the Supreme Court ruling that affirmative action in higher education is unconstitutional has catapulted the policy that was legal for at least 45 years to the forefront.

  8. SIMPLE algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIMPLE_algorithm

    In computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the SIMPLE algorithm is a widely used numerical procedure to solve the Navier–Stokes equations. SIMPLE is an acronym for Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations. The SIMPLE algorithm was developed by Prof. Brian Spalding and his student Suhas Patankar at Imperial College London in the early ...

  9. Eigendecomposition of a matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigendecomposition_of_a_matrix

    Let A be a square n × n matrix with n linearly independent eigenvectors q i (where i = 1, ..., n).Then A can be factored as = where Q is the square n × n matrix whose i th column is the eigenvector q i of A, and Λ is the diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements are the corresponding eigenvalues, Λ ii = λ i.