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The CRAFFT [1] is a short clinical assessment tool designed to screen for substance-related risks and problems in adolescents. CRAFFT stands for the key words of the 6 items in the second section of the assessment - Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble. As of 2020, updated versions of the CRAFFT known as the "CRAFFT 2.1" and "CRAFFT 2.1 ...
Knight and his colleagues first assessed other brief substance abuse screening tests. 1-3 They then developed a new brief screener known as “CRAFFT” that was shown to be valid, reliable, developmentally appropriate for adolescents, and practical for use in busy pediatric offices. 4,5 CRAFFT has since become the American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommended standard of care in its policy ...
Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, dictated the Word of Wisdom as a revelation from the Christian God was dictated on February 27, 1833. [2] The Word of Wisdom was first published as a stand-alone broadsheet in December 1833. In 1835, it was included as Section LXXX (80) [6] in the first edition of the Doctrine and Covenants.
The latter reflects physical dependence in which the body adapts to the drug, requiring more of it to achieve a certain effect (tolerance) [25] and eliciting drug-specific physical or mental symptoms if drug use is abruptly ceased (withdrawal). Physical dependence can happen with the chronic use of many drugs—including even appropriate ...
Areas of interest described in Isbell's published work include physical and psychological effects of individual substances (including potential for dependence and addiction), ways to mitigate withdrawal symptoms (e.g., methadone therapy), the development of reliable rating methods and questionnaires for subjective drug effects (the Addiction Research Center Inventory), [24] [25] cross-drug ...
Drug education is the planned provision of information, guidelines, resources, and skills relevant to living in a world where psychoactive substances are widely available and commonly used for a variety of both medical and non-medical purposes, some of which may lead to harms such as overdose, injury, infectious disease (such as HIV or hepatitis C), or addiction.
Research has been done showing that the measures taken within family prevention has been shown to reduce the risk of substance abuse. [ 18 ] Smit, Verdurmen, Monshouwer, and Smil conducted research analysis to measure the effectiveness of family interventions about teen and adolescence drug and alcohol use. [ 19 ]
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is a national research leader and information provider on substance use and addiction in the United States. [13] Notable resources available from the website include a comprehensive listing of substance use and related topics, and publications such as the NIDA Publication Series , including the NIDA ...