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Long recoil operation is found primarily in shotguns, particularly ones based on John Browning's Auto-5 action. In 1885 a locked breech, long recoil action was patented by the Britons Schlund and Arthur. [9] In a long recoil action, the barrel and bolt remain locked together during recoil, compressing the recoil springs.
The usual recoil system in modern quick-firing guns is the hydro-pneumatic recoil system. In this system, the barrel is mounted on rails on which it can recoil to the rear, and the recoil is taken up by a cylinder which is similar in operation to an automotive gas-charged shock absorber, and is commonly visible as a cylinder mounted parallel to ...
Illustration of forces in muzzle rise. Projectile and propellant gases act on barrel along barrel centerline A. Forces are resisted by shooter contact with gun at grips and stock B. Height difference between barrel centerline and average point of contact is height C. Forces A and B operating over moment arm / height C create torque or moment D, which rotates the firearm's muzzle up as ...
For a gun firing under free-recoil conditions, the force on the gun may not only force the gun backwards, but may also cause it to rotate about its center of mass or recoil mount. This is particularly true of older firearms, such as the classic Kentucky rifle , where the butt stock angles down significantly lower than the barrel, providing a ...
Therefore, when the barrel recoils the inertial force from the breech produces a moment on the rear end of the barrel. This causes a wave to travel down the barrel which quickly overtakes the shot and results in a deflection of the muzzle before shot exit. Figure 6 shows the typical response of a tank gun barrel for an off-axis breech.
Firearms that are physically small, such as handguns, use a system of recoil referred to as short recoil. [1] [4] This is adequate for the smaller calibers. In large firearms such as the Browning M2HB .50 caliber machine gun a similar system called long recoil is used. The difference is how far the breech and barrel recoil together after a shot ...
Soviet revolver cannon are less common than Western ones, especially on aircraft. A mechanism for a Soviet revolver-based machine gun was patented in 1944. [71] The virtually unknown Rikhter R-23 was fitted only to some Tu-22 models, but later abandoned in favor of the two-barrel, Gast gun Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23 in the Tu-22M.
The change from one barrel to the other may be done by a clockwork type system, where a cam alternates between barrels, or by an inertial system where the recoil of firing the first barrel toggles the trigger to the next barrel. A double-barreled shotgun with an inertial trigger works best with full power shotshells; shooting low recoil ...