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Pterygium unguis (or dorsal pterygium [1]: 660 ) forms as a result of scarring between the proximal nailfold and matrix, with the classic example being lichen planus, though it has been reported to occur as a result of sarcoidosis and Hansen's disease.
Lichen planus may be categorized as affecting mucosal or cutaneous surfaces.. Cutaneous forms are those affecting the skin, scalp, and nails. [10] [11] [12]Mucosal forms are those affecting the lining of the gastrointestinal tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, anus), larynx, and other mucosal surfaces including the genitals, peritoneum, ears, nose, bladder and conjunctiva of the eyes.
It can be a manifestation of lichen planus, psoriasis, alopecia areata, immunoglobulin A deficiency, atopic dermatitis, and ichthyosis vulgaris. [ 7 ] "The longitudinal striations can occur as a normal part of the aging process", [ 2 ] and not until the nails start to thin and get a sandpaper look is the condition called trachonychia.
Leukonychia (white nails) Lichen planopilaris (acuminatus, follicular lichen planus, lichen planus follicularis, peripilaris) Lichen planus of the nails; Lichen spinulosus (keratosis spinulosa) Lipedematous alopecia (lipedematous scalp) Localized acquired hypertrichosis; Localized congenital hypertrichosis; Longitudinal erythronychia ...
Onychorrhexis (from the Greek words ὄνυχο- ónycho-, "nail" and ῥῆξις rhexis, "bursting"), is a brittleness with breakage of finger or toenails that may result from hypothyroidism, anemia, anorexia nervosa or bulimia, or after oral retinoid therapy. [1]: 786 It can also be seen in melanoma that involves the nail and onychomycosis. [2]
Graham-Little syndrome or Graham-Little–Piccardi–Lassueur syndrome is a cutaneous condition characterized by lichen planus-like skin lesions. [ 1 ] : 648 It is named after Ernest Graham-Little .
Melanonychia is a black or brown pigmentation of a nail, and may be present as a normal finding on many digits in Afro-Caribbeans, as a result of trauma, systemic disease, or medications, or as a postinflammatory event from such localized events as lichen planus or fixed drug eruption. [1]: 790 [2]: 665
Longitudinal erythronychia presents with longitudinal red bands in the nail plate that commence in the matrix and extend to the point of separation of the nail plate and nailbed, and may occur on multiple nails with inflammatory conditions such as lichen planus or Darier's disease.