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Spermidine is known to regulate plant growth, assisting the in vitro process of transcribing RNA, and inhibition of NOS. Also, spermidine is a precursor to other polyamines, such as spermine and thermospermine, some of which contribute to tolerance against drought and salinity in plants.
The function of polyamine is very diverse in that it performs a key macromolecule to cellular membrane. Because of their essential roles in plant, mutation of polyamines can cause critical damage on plants. [1] Furthermore, some polyamines like putrescine inhibit biosynthetic activities in plants.
Spermine is synthesized from the reaction of spermidine with SAM in the presence of the enzyme spermine synthase. The polyamines undergo rapid interconversion in the polyamine cycle, in which putrescine leads to synthesis of spermidine and spermine, with degradation of these polyamines to form putrescine, which can begin the cycle again. [16]
Spermine is a polyamine involved in cellular metabolism that is found in all eukaryotic cells. The precursor for synthesis of spermine is the amino acid ornithine . It is an essential growth factor in some bacteria as well.
Spermine synthase is an enzyme involved in polyamine biosynthesis. It is present in all eukaryotes and plays a role in a variety of biological functions in plants [3] Its structure consists of two identical monomers of 41 kDa with three domains each, creating a homodimer formed via dimerization.
Putrescine is found in all organisms. [13] Putrescine is widely found in plant tissues, [13] often being the most common polyamine present within the organism. Its role in development is well documented, but recent studies have suggested that putrescine also plays a role in stress responses in plants, both to biotic and abiotic stressors. [14]
RNA partitions in the aqueous phase, while proteins and DNA partition into the organic/interphase (left). The RNA is then precipitated in an alcohol (right). Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction (abbreviated AGPC) is a liquid–liquid extraction technique in biochemistry and molecular biology.
An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells. Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1] [2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.