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[19] [20] Emerging studies have suggested a link between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 symptoms. [21] [22] A review has shown that vitamin D deficiency is not associated with a higher chance of having COVID-19 but is associated with a greater severity of the disease, including 80% increases in the rates of hospitalization and mortality. [23]
The Swedish National Food Agency recommends a daily intake of 10 μg (400 IU) of vitamin D 3 for children and adults up to 75 years, and 20 μg (800 IU) for adults 75 and older. [ 175 ] Non-government organisations in Europe have made their own recommendations.
Nutritional osteomalacia responds well to administration of 2,000-10,000 IU of vitamin D3 by mouth daily. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is typically absorbed more readily than vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). Osteomalacia due to malabsorption may require treatment by injection or daily oral dosing [20] of significant amounts of vitamin D3.
The diet must ensure optimal calcium intake (of at least one gram daily) and measuring vitamin D levels is recommended, and to take specific supplements if necessary. [126] Osteoporosis can affect nearly 1 in 3 women and the bone loss is the most rapid within the first 2–3 years after menopause.
Symptoms appear several months after excessive doses of vitamin D are administered. A mutation of the CYP24A1 gene can lead to a reduction in the degradation of vitamin D and thus to vitamin toxicity without high oral intake (see Vitamin D: Excess). Symptoms of vitamin D toxicity may include the following: [2] Dehydration; Vomiting; Diarrhea
Vitamin D deficiency Usually asymptomatic, causes reduce bone density ( osteomalacia ), rickets, myopathy, and is associated with the development of schizophrenia . It is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in plasma, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body.
Vitamin D (the inactive version) is mainly from two forms: vitamin D 3 and vitamin D 2. Vitamin D 3, or cholecalciferol, is formed in the skin after exposure to sunlight or ultra violet radiation or from D 3 supplements or fortified food sources. Vitamin D 2, or ergocalciferol, is obtained from D 2 supplements or fortified food sources. [3]
Vitamin D3, aka cholecalciferol, is important for bone health and immune function. Experts discuss benefits, sources, risks and who needs a supplement. How to get the most out of vitamin D3
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related to: daily vitamin d3 intake for adults mayo clinic chart of spine symptoms