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Romania in 1940 with Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina highlighted in orange-red Soviet military parade in Chișinău on July 4, 1940. As Romania agreed to satisfy Soviet territorial demands, the second plan was immediately put into action, with the Red Army immediately moving into Bessarabia and north Bukovina on the morning of 28 June.
Map of Bessarabia. The Bessarabian question, Bessarabian issue or Bessarabian problem (Romanian: Problema basarabeană or chestiunea basarabeană; Russian: Бессарабский вопрос or бессарабская проблема) is the name given to the controversy over the ownership of the geographic region of Bessarabia that began with the annexation of the region by the Russian ...
Map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clark's 1927 book Bessarabia, Russia and Romania on the Black Sea. Bessarabia [a] (/ ˌ b ɛ s ə ˈ r eɪ b i ə /) is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west.
The deportations began after the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, which occurred in June 1940. According to a secret Soviet Ministry of Interior report dated December 1965, 46,000 people were deported from the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic for the period 1940−1953. [1]
In the ultimatum it was said that Bessarabia was "for the most part (ethnically) Ukrainian" and that Northern Bukovina was "linked to Soviet Ukraine". Further, the map of the ultimatum was drawn with a red thick pencil that allowed the Soviet Union to also occupy the Hertsa region even if it was not mentioned
The Soviet Union, which did not recognize the sovereignty of Romania over Bessarabia since the union of 1918, issued an ultimatum on 28 June 1940 demanding the evacuation of the Romanian military and administration from the territory it contested as well as from the northern part of the Romanian province of Bukovina. [30]
Bukovina's population was historically ethnically diverse. Today, Bukovina's northern half is the Chernivtsi Oblast of Ukraine, while the southern part is Suceava County of Romania. [2] Bukovina is sometimes known as the 'Switzerland of the East', given its diverse ethnic mosaic and deep forested mountainous landscapes. [5] [6] [7]
In the end, a coup in 1944 ended with the overthrow of Antonescu by King Michael I and Romania changed sides and joined the Allies, giving up Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union "in exchange" for the recovery of Northern Transylvania from Hungary and marking the end of the Bessarabia Governorate. [1]