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A simple elastic snake is defined by a set of n points for =, …,, the internal elastic energy term , and the external edge-based energy term .The purpose of the internal energy term is to control the deformations made to the snake, and the purpose of the external energy term is to control the fitting of the contour onto the image.
For any given edge, the number of outgoing edges may be arbitrary. To simplify this, winged-edge meshes provide only four, the nearest clockwise and counter-clockwise edges at each end. The other edges may be traversed incrementally. The information for each edge therefore resembles a butterfly, hence "winged-edge" meshes.
The image is conceptually wrapped (or tiled) and values are taken from the opposite edge or corner. Mirror The image is conceptually mirrored at the edges. For example, attempting to read a pixel 3 units outside an edge reads one 3 units inside the edge instead. Crop / Avoid overlap
Two images stitched together. The photo on the right is distorted slightly so that it matches up with the one on the left. Image stitching or photo stitching is the process of combining multiple photographic images with overlapping fields of view to produce a segmented panorama or high-resolution image.
Edge quadtrees [7] [8] (much like PM quadtrees) are used to store lines rather than points. Curves are approximated by subdividing cells to a very fine resolution, specifically until there is a single line segment per cell. Near corners/vertices, edge quadtrees will continue dividing until they reach their maximum level of decomposition.
The image is successively split into quadrants based on a homogeneity criterion and similar regions are merged to create the segmented result. The technique incorporates a quadtree data structure, meaning that there is a parent-child node relationship.
An edge in an image may point in a variety of directions, so the Canny algorithm uses four filters to detect horizontal, vertical and diagonal edges in the blurred image. The edge detection operator (such as Roberts, Prewitt, or Sobel) returns a value for the first derivative in the horizontal direction (G x) and the vertical direction (G y ...
The result of image segmentation is a set of segments that collectively cover the entire image, or a set of contours extracted from the image (see edge detection). Each of the pixels in a region are similar with respect to some characteristic or computed property, [ 3 ] such as color , intensity , or texture .