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Wall studs are framing components in timber or steel-framed walls, that run between the top and bottom plates.It is a fundamental element in frame building. The majority non-masonry buildings rely on wall studs, with wood being the most common and least-expensive material used for studs.
The top and bottom plates are end-nailed to each stud with two nails at least 3 + 1 ⁄ 4 in (83 mm) in length (16d or 16-penny nails). Studs are at least doubled (creating posts) at openings, the jack stud being cut to receive the lintels (headers) that are placed and end-nailed through the outer studs. [10] Moisture barrier sheathing with ...
Plain sawn (flat sawn, through and through, bastard sawn) – A log sawn through without adjusting the position of the log and the grain runs across the width of the boards. Quarter sawn and rift sawn – These terms have been confused in history but generally mean lumber sawn so the annual rings are reasonably perpendicular to the sides (not ...
A plate in timber framing is "A piece of Timber upon which some considerable weight is framed...Hence Ground-Plate...Window-plate [obsolete]..." etc. [1] Also called a wall plate, [2] raising plate, [3] or top plate, [4] An exception to the use of the term plate for a large, load-bearing timber in a wall is the bressummer, a timber supporting a wall over a wall opening (see also: lintel).
See also roof pitch, crow-stepped, corbie stepped, stepped gable: A gable roof with its end parapet walls below extended slightly upwards and shaped to resemble steps. A-frame Half-hipped (clipped gable, jerkinhead [ 7 ] ): A combination of a gable and a hip roof (pitched roof without changes to the walls) with the hipped part at the top and ...
The ongoing debate about progressive vs. flat taxes isn’t likely to end, as what some view as a pro for a certain system is seen as a con by those on the other side of the argument.
An unusual barn in Schoonebeek, Netherlands, with interrupted sills; the posts land directly on the padstone foundation Norwegian style framing, Kravik Mellom, Norway. In historic buildings the sills were almost always large, solid timbers framed together at the corners, carry the bents, and are set on the stone or brick foundation walls, piers, or piles (wood posts driven or set into the ground).
A type of flat, tapered, single-cut file used to cut, flatten, and smooth (or "float") wood surfaces by abrasion, e.g. when making a wooden plane. Unlike rasps and files, floats have parallel teeth and can be resharpened as many times as the thickness of the blade will allow.